Place guide
Planting zones in Dubuque, IA
Every ZIP code in this metro is USDA zone 5a. That is unusual — most metros span several zones — and it means the one number people usually look up is the same wherever you are here.
Your ZIP code
Get the exact answer for your address
Everything above describes Dubuque, IA as a whole. Hardiness zones and freeze dates are published per ZIP code, so yours is exact — enter it and this page will tell you your zone, which NOAA station it comes from and how far away that station is.
The growing season in Dubuque, IA is closing
Nothing in the 32-crop table still has time to mature here. The first fall freeze normally arrives October 10 – October 21 across the 4 NOAA stations serving this metro area .
Your next season already has a date
The first job of it is 🧅 Green Onions, start indoors, around February 22 – March 3 — counted back from a last spring freeze of April 19 – April 28 here.
These are ranges across the whole metro area. The ZIP lookup above gives the dates from your own nearest station instead.
All 4 stations agreeAt least one station
Every one of the 4 NOAA stations serving this metro area counts April 28 – October 10 as growing season (165 days). Widening to any single station gives April 19 – October 21 (185 days).
Your freeze dates
Those are the earliest and latest medians among the 4 stations serving this metro — not an average, and not one station standing in for the rest. Half of years freeze later than a station's own median.
The spread is the point. Even in a metro that is one hardiness zone throughout, its stations disagree about the last spring freeze. Hardiness zone and frost date measure different things — a zone is the average annual coldest night, a freeze date is when the season turns — and a place can be uniform in one and varied in the other. Use the tools below with your own ZIP rather than the ends of this range.
Your growing season
NOAA publishes a growing-season length for each station, and across the 4 stations serving Dubuque, IA it runs 164–184 days . That figure is published, not computed from the two freeze dates — subtracting one from the other gives the wrong answer wherever a season crosses New Year. Mean summer high (June–August) runs 80–83 °F , below the 90 °F point where cool-season crops reliably bolt. Summer rain over the same months runs 13.9–15.1" across those 4 stations, against the rough inch a week — about 13 inches over the same 92 days — that a vegetable garden is usually reckoned to want. At the middle station that is covered, so watering in Dubuque, IA is for the gaps between storms rather than the whole season. The inches are NOAA's published normals; the inch a week is a rule of thumb, and it takes no account of a 82 °F summer afternoon drying the soil faster than a cool one.
When to start seeds in Dubuque, IA
Every spring job for 63 crop dates, counted from this metro's own last spring freeze. Each is a range across all 4 stations — the earliest and latest that job falls anywhere in the metro — because no one station speaks for the whole area.
| Crop | Job | When | Offset |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green Onions | Start indoors | February 22 – March 3 | 8 weeks before |
| Peppers | Start indoors | February 22 – March 3 | 8 weeks before |
| Broccoli | Start indoors | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Cabbage | Start indoors | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Collards | Start indoors | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Kale | Start indoors | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Start indoors | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Peas | Direct sow | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Spinach | Direct sow | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Sweet Potato | Start indoors | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Tomatoes | Start indoors | March 8 – March 17 | 6 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Start indoors | March 15 – March 24 | 5 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Start indoors | March 15 – March 24 | 5 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Start indoors | March 15 – March 24 | 5 weeks before |
| Arugula | Direct sow | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Baby Salad Greens | Direct sow | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Beets | Direct sow | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Green Onions | Direct sow | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Mustard Greens | Direct sow | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Okra | Start indoors | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Radishes | Direct sow | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Turnips | Direct sow | March 22 – March 31 | 4 weeks before |
| Cabbage | Set out | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Carrots | Direct sow | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Collards | Direct sow | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Collards | Set out | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Cucumbers | Start indoors | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Green Onions | Set out | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Kale | Direct sow | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Kale | Set out | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Direct sow | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Set out | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Direct sow | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Pumpkins | Start indoors | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Summer Squash | Start indoors | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Winter Squash | Start indoors | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Zucchini | Start indoors | March 29 – April 7 | 3 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Direct sow | April 5 – April 14 | 2 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Set out | April 5 – April 14 | 2 weeks before |
| Broccoli | Set out | April 5 – April 14 | 2 weeks before |
| Cilantro | Direct sow | April 5 – April 14 | 2 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Set out | April 5 – April 14 | 2 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Direct sow | April 5 – April 14 | 2 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Set out | April 5 – April 14 | 2 weeks before |
| Dill | Direct sow | April 12 – April 21 | 1 week before |
| Bush Beans | Direct sow | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Cucumbers | Set out | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Pumpkins | Direct sow | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Pumpkins | Set out | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Summer Squash | Direct sow | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Summer Squash | Set out | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Sweet Corn | Direct sow | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Tomatoes | Set out | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Winter Squash | Direct sow | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Winter Squash | Set out | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Zucchini | Direct sow | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Zucchini | Set out | April 26 – May 5 | 1 week after |
| Cucumbers | Direct sow | May 3 – May 12 | 2 weeks after |
| Okra | Direct sow | May 3 – May 12 | 2 weeks after |
| Okra | Set out | May 3 – May 12 | 2 weeks after |
| Peppers | Set out | May 3 – May 12 | 2 weeks after |
| Southern Peas | Direct sow | May 3 – May 12 | 2 weeks after |
| Sweet Potato | Set out | May 3 – May 12 | 2 weeks after |
The week offsets are conventional extension guidance and vary by variety; the freeze dates they are counted from are measured. For a single date rather than a range, run when do I start my seeds? with your own ZIP code.
What lives through a zone 5a winter
Winter hardiness runs on the zone alone, so this one is exact for the whole of Dubuque, IA rather than a range. Of 74 perennial fruits, nuts, berries, vegetables and herbs, 48 come through a zone 5a winter .
Among them: Cranberry, Honeyberry, Lingonberry, Apple, Aronia, Black Currant, Elderberry, Gooseberry. See the full list with reasons.
Cautious — shortens the seasonMedian across stationsOptimistic
- Last spring freeze
- Plan to May 12 to be careful. Median April 19 – April 28 across 4 stations; April 4 is the optimistic end.
- First fall freeze
- Plan to September 28 to be careful. Median October 10 – October 21 across 4 stations; November 2 is the optimistic end.
NOAA publishes these as probabilities, not averages — the middle figure is a median, so half of years fall either side of it. The cautious end is the 10% tail: in roughly nine years in ten the freeze falls on the safe side of it.
The 4 stations behind these numbers
All 4 NOAA stations whose normals this page quotes, spanning about 54 km north to south. Every one is named with its identifier in the station list below — this page does not single one out, because no one station speaks for a whole metro area.
A relative sketch, not a map with a projection: longitude is adjusted for latitude so the shape is not stretched, and there is no basemap. For the one station nearest a specific address, with its real distance, use the ZIP lookup above.
Every figure above comes from these, and each is named so you can check it. Which station serves a given ZIP code, and how far away it is, varies across the metro — the table below gives it per ZIP code rather than this page averaging it.
| Station | NOAA ID | Last spring freeze | First fall freeze | Season |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cascade, IA | USC00131257 | April 28 | October 10 | 164 days |
| Dubuque L&D 11, IA | USC00132364 | April 19 | October 21 | 184 days |
| Dubuque Rgnl AP, IA | USW00094908 | April 28 | October 11 | 165 days |
| Guttenberg L&D 10, IA | USC00133517 | April 21 | October 18 | 178 days |
These are medians, not averages — NOAA publishes freeze dates as a probability distribution, and half of years freeze later than the date shown.
Every ZIP code in Dubuque, IA
Zones are published per ZIP code, not per metro area, so this is the exact answer rather than the metro area's average. The station column is the nearest one to that ZIP code's centroid and how far away it is — the same figure the tools use, shown here so you can see which ZIP codes are well covered and which are reaching.
| ZIP code | USDA zone | Nearest NOAA station | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 52001 | 5a | Dubuque L&D 11, IA | 4.0 km |
| 52002 | 5a | Dubuque L&D 11, IA | 10.4 km |
| 52003 | 5a | Dubuque Rgnl AP, IA | 4.6 km |
| 52032 | 5a | Cascade, IA | 14.2 km |
| 52039 | 5a | Dubuque L&D 11, IA | 17.3 km |
| 52045 | 5a | Cascade, IA | 18.7 km |
| 52046 | 5a | Cascade, IA | 15.8 km |
| 52053 | 5a | Guttenberg L&D 10, IA | 22.7 km |
| 52056 | 5a | Guttenberg L&D 10, IA | 20.3 km |
| 52065 | 5a | Guttenberg L&D 10, IA | 22.5 km |
| 52068 | 5a | Dubuque Rgnl AP, IA | 9.3 km |
| 52073 | 5a | Dubuque L&D 11, IA | 16.8 km |
| 52078 | 5a | Cascade, IA | 13.9 km |
ZIP-code positions are area centroids, so a large rural ZIP code's listed distance is measured from the middle of its area rather than from any particular address in it.
Your own ZIP
Work out your own dates
Each of these takes a ZIP code and answers for that ZIP alone, citing the station it used and how far away it is. There is a ZIP box in the header of every page.
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What survives my winter?
Runs on the hardiness zone, so it answers for all of Dubuque, IA at once — zone 5a across 74 perennial fruits, berries, vegetables and herbs.
- When do I start my seeds?
Dates every spring job from your own last freeze — sow indoors, set out, direct sow.
- When do I sow the next round?
How often each crop is worth re-sowing, and when the next sowing is due.
- What can I still plant?
Counts the growing days left before your first fall freeze, crop by crop.
Other places to compare
These metros are also entirely zone 5a, so the winter answer here is the same one they get — the freeze dates and the spring calendar are their own.
Gardening in Iowa — zones 4b– 6a covers the whole state: how its 962 ZIP codes divide between 4 hardiness zones, and the freeze dates across every NOAA station in it.
Other metro areas in IA:
- Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA Zones 5a–5b
- Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL Zone 5b
- Cedar Rapids, IA Zones 5a–5b
- Sioux City, IA-NE-SD Zone 5a
- Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Zone 5a
- Ames, IA Zones 5a–5b
- Iowa City, IA Zones 5a–5b
Gear
If you want to act on this
Each link opens an Amazon search rather than a product we picked. We have not tested these and do not rank them — the search is the honest version, and you choose.
- Trunk wrapZone 5a is cold enough that winter sun on a young trunk does more damage than the cold does.
- Row cover and frost clothThe season here closes at the first fall freeze dated above — a cover buys back some of those days at the end.
- MulchFor the perennials nearest their cold limit in zone 5a, where an insulated crown is what decides whether they come back.
As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. That costs you nothing extra, and it buys no influence over anything on this site: the dates come from NOAA normals and the zones from the USDA, and no product affects either.
Sources
Where these numbers come from
The hardiness zone is the USDA 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map, published per ZIP code by PRISM at Oregon State. The freeze dates are NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals, read from every station whose normals cover a ZIP code in this metro. Nothing here is estimated, and no station stands in for another.
This page names no single station on purpose. Picking one to represent a metro sounds reasonable and is not: the station serving the most ZIP codes is an artifact of where ZIP centroids happen to fall, and it selects a lock on the Monongahela for Pittsburgh and a far southern suburb for Chicago. A range across every station is true; a single cited date for a whole metro is not.